Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: Current Insights into the Disease Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences; December 24, 2020
Author(s): Wojciech Ambrosius, Sławomir Michalak, Wojciech Kozubski, and Alicja Kalinowska
Overview of MOGAD: Disease behavior, diagnosis, and management
This review presents the current known information regarding MOGAD. is often misdiagnosed as MS or NMOSD but is considered a distinct condition. The most common initial symptom of MOGAD seems to be optic neuritis in adults and inflammation and demyelination of the brain and spinal cord in children. In adults, the disease tends to have relapses, which gradually increase disability. In children, demyelination is usually a one-time incident. Acute treatment directed at the immune system seems to be effective in preventing relapses and limiting disability. The detection of MOG antibodies with a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic test helps in differentiating MOGAD from MS and NMOSD. While there are no clinical trials and approved treatments for MOGAD, high-dose steroids and plasma exchange seem to be helpful for the treatment of acute attacks, whereas immunosuppressive therapies, such as steroids, oral immunosuppressants, and rituximab seem to be effective as maintenance treatment.
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