Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): current understanding and challenges
Journal: Journal of Neurology; May 8, 2023
Author(s): Abdullah Al-Ani, John J Chen, Fiona Costello
MOGAD: Current understanding and challenges
MOGAD accounts for more cases of demyelinating conditions in children (30% than it does in adults (5%). New diagnostic criteria for MOGAD have recently been proposed, which highlight the following as key symptoms of MOGAD: optic nerve or spinal cord inflammation, widespread brain inflammation [acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)], specific deficits in one or more location in the bran, issues with the brainstem or cerebellum, and brain inflammation-triggered seizures as the main defining features of this disease. Despite these diagnostic criteria, diagnosing MOGAD may be challenging because the disease overlaps with MS and NMOSD in many aspects of manifestation. This study outlines what currently available evidence shows about MOGAD and the challenges associated with diagnosing it and distinguishing it from MS and NMOSD. This review could help clinicians determine what specific features to pay attention to, when to perform MOG-antibody tests, and how to interpret these antibody tests in tandem with clinical features when diagnosing MOGAD.
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